Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (usually HSV-1). They start as a tingle or itch, then a small blister appears, followed by crusting and healing. Most outbreaks last about 7–10 days. You can speed recovery and cut down on spread if you act fast and use the right steps.
Spot the prodrome: tingling, burning, or itchy feeling around the lip is your cue. Start treatment at that stage when possible — it works best before a full blister forms.
Over-the-counter options: use creams with docosanol or topical anesthetics to ease pain and shorten healing a bit. Keep the area clean and use a cold compress to reduce swelling.
Prescription antivirals: oral drugs like valacyclovir or famciclovir usually work better than creams. They cut healing time and cut contagiousness when taken within the first 24–48 hours. Your doctor can prescribe the right dose and length for you.
Pain control: acetaminophen or ibuprofen helps if the sore is painful. Avoid aspirin on open sores for kids. For severe or frequent outbreaks, talk to your clinician about daily suppressive therapy.
Avoid direct contact while a sore is visible — no kissing, sharing drinks, utensils, towels, or lipbalm. Wash your hands after touching the sore. Cold sores spread easily even from unseen virus near the mouth.
Know your triggers: common ones are sunlight, fever, stress, illness, and hormonal changes. Use a lip balm with SPF if sun makes your sores worse. Manage stress with sleep, hydration, and small daily routines — they help reduce outbreaks over time.
If you get outbreaks often, speak with your doctor about daily antiviral pills to lower frequency and transmission risk. Pregnant people must consult their provider quickly if they have sores near delivery time — there are special precautions to protect the baby.
Be careful with oral-genital contact: HSV-1 can cause genital herpes. Use protection and be honest with partners about outbreaks and risks.
Home care tips: keep the sore dry and clean, don’t pick at scabs, use disposable tissues, and change toothbrushes only after the sore is fully healed. Cold compresses and plain petroleum jelly can reduce cracking and discomfort.
When to see a doctor: if the sore is very large, won’t heal in two weeks, comes with fever or swollen glands, or if you have a weakened immune system. Also get medical advice for first-time outbreaks — they can be worse and may need prescription treatment.
Cold sores are annoying but manageable. Start treatment early, protect others, and talk to your healthcare provider if outbreaks affect your life or happen often.
